Demographics of Croatia
The demographic features of the population of Croatia includes population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Croatia is inhabited mostly by Croats, while minority groups include Serbs, Bosniaks, Hungarians, Italians, Slovenes, Germans, Czechs, Romani people and others. Catholicism is the predominant religion, while there's also Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam.
Croatia has a negative natural population growth rate, having completed demographic transition in the 1970s.[1] Life expectancy and literacy rates are reasonably high.
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CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Population
4.492 million (July 2008)
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 15,8% (male 373,638/female 354,261)
- 15-64 years: 67,2% (male 1,497,958/female 1,515,314)
- 65 years and over: 17% (male 288,480/female 465,098) (2008 est.)
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Median age
- Total: 40.3 years
- Male: 38.3 years
- Female: 42.1 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate
-1.9% (2008,CROSTAT)
Birth rate
- 9.9 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
- There were 41,446 births in 2006. [1]
Death rate
- 11.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
- There were 50,378 deaths in 2006. [2]
Net migration rate
- 1.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio
- At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
- Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
- Total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate
- Total: 6.49 deaths/1,000 live births
- Male: 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births
- Female: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- Total population: 75.13 years
- Male: 71.49 years
- Female: 78.97 years (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS
- Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
- People living with HIV/AIDS: 200 (2001 est.)
- Deaths: less than 10 (2001 est.)
Nationality
- Noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
- Adjective: Croatian
Ethnic groups
- Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, Bosniak 0.5%, Italians 0.4%, Hungarian 0.4%, Slovene 0.3%, Czech 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Albanian 0.1%, Montenegrin 0.1%, others 4.1% (2001 census)
Religions
- Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
Languages
- Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, and German) (2001 census).
- According to a survey ordered by the European commission, 49% of Croats speak English, 34% German, 14% Italian, 4% French and Russian and 2% Spanish language. [2]
Literacy
- Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- Total population: 98.5%
- Male: 99.4%
- Female: 97.8% (2003 est.)
School Life Expectancy total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years
Education Expenditure: (% of GDP) 4.5 (2004)
Ethnic groups according to the 2001 census
| Population | Structure (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 4,437,460 | 100 | |
| Croats | 3,977,171 | 89.63 | |
| National minorities | |||
| Total | 331,383 | 7,47 | |
| Albanians | 15,082 | 0.34 | |
| Austrians | 247 | 0.01 | |
| Bosniaks | 20,755 | 0.47 | |
| Bulgarians | 331 | 0.01 | |
| Czechs | 10,510 | 0.24 | |
| Germans | 2,902 | 0.07 | |
| Hungarians | 16,595 | 0.37 | |
| Italians | 19,636 | 0.44 | |
| Jews | 576 | 0.01 | |
| Macedonians | 4.270 | 0.10 | |
| Montenegrins | 4,926 | 0.11 | |
| Poles | 567 | 0.01 | |
| Roma | 9,463 | 0.21 | |
| Romanians | 475 | 0.01 | |
| Russians | 906 | 0.02 | |
| Ruthenians | 2,337 | 0.05 | |
| Serbs | 201,631 | 4.54 | |
| Slovaks | 4,712 | 0.11 | |
| Slovenes | 13,173 | 0.30 | |
| Turks | 300 | 0.01 | |
| Ukrainians | 1,977 | 0.04 | |
| Vlachs | 12 | 0.00 | |
| Others1 | 21,801 | 0.49 | |
| Refrained from stating | |||
| their nationality | |||
| Total | 89,130 | 2.01 | |
| stated regional | |||
| affiliation | 9,302 | 0.21 | |
| Unknown | 17,975 | 0.41 |
1 This mode includes, among others, Yugoslavs (176) and Muslims by nationality (19,677).
Changes in the late 20th century
- See also: Recent history of the Serbs of Croatia
The census of 1991 was the last one held before the war in Croatia, marked by ethnic conflict between Serbs and Croats. In the ethnic and religious composition of the population of Croatia of that time, these two sets of numbers are quoted as important:
- Croats 78.1%, Catholics 76.5%
- Serbs 12.2%, Orthodox Christians 11.1%
There was also a significant drop in people who declared Yugoslav ethnicity.
There were two major sets of population movements during this period - the first one during the earlier stage of the war, around 1991, and the second one during the later stage of the war, around 1995. The first movement peaked at around 200,000 on the Croatian side; the second movement peaked at around 550,000 on the Serbian side.
After the end of the war of the 1990s, as a result of all which took place previously, the ethno-religious structure for the two largest nations were:
- Croats 89.6%, Catholics 87.8%
- Serbs 4.5%, Orthodox Christians 4.4%
Most Croat refugees have since returned to their homes, while two thirds of the Serbs remain in exile; the other third either returned or had remained in Zagreb and other parts of Croatia not directly affected by war.
See also
- Croatia
- History of Croatia
- History of Yugoslavia
- Demographic history of Croatia
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2006 edition".- Croatian Bureau of Statistics, official census data
- ↑ Mrđen, Snježana (1998). "The demographic situation in Croatia". Geoadria 3: 29–56. http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/14991.
- ↑ "Europeans and their languages - European commission special barometer FEB2006". http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf. Retrieved 2010-1-5.
External links
- Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Census 2001
- Human Rights Watch Report "Broken Promises: Impediments to Refugee Return to Croatia"
- United Nations Statistics Division Millennium Indicators for Croatia
- Population of Croatia 1931-2001
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